The
frontmatter
element groups the initial/preliminary sections of a document.
Frontmatter typically consists of such sections as forewords, prefaces, acknowledgements, introductions, dedications, prologues, and tables of contents.
Frontmatter pages are typically identified by the use of Roman numerals for their numbering, but numbering alone is not a reliable indicator (it is not uncommon for front matter to begin with Arabic number 1, for example). The table of contents may help identify frontmatter sections either through emphasized typeface and/or the use of line breaks between the front, body and back matter sections.