Part II(e): Images

    	

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    <pagenum id="IDA1OMN">158</pagenum>

    <h2>7.3 Art Criticism Step by Step </h2>

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        <h3>An Expressionist Landscape</h3>

        <sidebar render="optional">

            <hd>About the Artist Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890)</hd>

            <imggroup>

                <img src="images/U10C03/p158-001.png" alt="Photograph 

                    of Vincent van Gogh" width="84" height="108"/>

            </imggroup>

            <p>We know many details from the life of <strong>Vincent 

                van Gogh</strong> because of his letters to his 

                brother, Theo. It was Theo who provided support that 

                permitted van Gogh to paint so prolifically. Even 

                when Vincent's life was shattered by attacks of 

                mental illness, he still painted whenever he was able 

                to. From April 1889 to May 1890 van Gogh was a 

                voluntary patient at an asylum near the town of Saint-

                Rémy, France. Eventually, he was permitted to venture 

                into the surrounding countryside. His letters to his 

                brother were always very coherent. In one Vincent 

                says, "As far as I can judge, I am not really mad. 

                You will see that the canvases I have done in the 

                meantime are untroubled and no worse than the 

                others."</p>

        </sidebar>

        <imggroup>

            <img src="images/U10C03/p158-002.png" alt="Painting by 

                Vincent van Gogh, The Poplars at Saint-Rémy," 

                width="396" height="545"/>

            <caption>7-17 <strong>The Post-Impressionists inherited 

                their color palette, interest in light's effects, and 

                love of nature from Impressionist painters like 

                Renoir and Monet. They also inherited a love of 

                painting outdoors. Van Gogh combined this approach 

                with an ability to express intense feelings and 

                emotion--thus giving name to a new style, 

                Expressionism.</strong> Vincent van Gogh,<em> The 

                Poplars at Saint-Rémy,</em> 1889. Oil on fabric, (61.6 

                x 45.7 cm). Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of 

                Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</caption>

        </imggroup>

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    <pagenum id="IDAVAYN">148</pagenum>

    <h3>Lesson 6 What cycles occur in ecosystems?</h3>

    <p><em>In an ecosystem, a substance may be passed from one 

        organism to another. These substances go through an ecosystem 

        again and again.</em></p>

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        <h4>Recycling Matter</h4>

        <p>Every day in every ecosystem, animals produce waste 

            products. Eventually plants, animals, and all other 

            organisms will die. There must be a way to "clean up" the 

            waste and dead matter.</p>

        <imggroup>

            <img src="images/U13C07/p148-001.png" alt="Various 

                plants and animals 'recycling' a log." width="1152" 

                height="539"/>

            <prodnote render="optional">

                <p>Various decomposers on a log. Each has a callout 

                    identifying and describing each decomposer. These 

                    are listed as follows:</p>

                <list type="pl">

                    <li>A fungus breaks down a log by releasing 

                        special chemicals. Materials from the log are 

                        then absorbed by the fungus and used as 

                        food.</li>

                    <li>With its yellow coloring and long body, it is 

                        not hard to see why this is called the banana 

                        slug. As it eats material on the forest floor, 

                        this decomposer can grow to be 25 centimeters 

                        long.</li>

                    <li>Slime molds are protists. They not only 

                        decompose matter,but they may also eat 

                        bacteria.</li>

                    <li>Carpenter ants do not eat wood, but they do 

                        chew through it to make their homes. The 

                        resulting wood partciles can be added to the 

                        soil faster.</li>

                    <li>The almond-scented millipede eats pine needles 

                        and otherleaves that have fallen from trees.

                        </li>

                </list>

            </prodnote>

        </imggroup>

        <pagenum id="IDAJBYN">149</pagenum>

        <p>Decomposers are organisms that eat wastes and dead matter. 

            By doing this, they break material into smaller pieces and 

            put it back into the soil. Most decomposers are 

            microorganisms like bacteria and fungi. Earthworms, flies, 

            and slugs are also decomposers. Whenever you see something 

            decaying or rotting, decomposers have been at work.</p>

        <p>Decomposers have the important niche, or role, of recycling 

            wastes and dead material. They make minerals and nutrients 

            that were in waste or dead materials available to living 

            plants. These plants will then be food for other 

            organisms. In this way, minerals and nutrients become part 

            of a cycle. A <strong>cycle</strong> is a repeating 

            process or a repeating flow of material through a system. 

            There is a constant cycle of minerals and some nutrients 

            moving from living things to the soil and back into living 

            things.</p>

        <p>Decomposers are not the only things that break down dead 

            matter. Fire also does this. When plants burn, their ashes 

            become part of the soil.</p>

        <list type="pl">

            <li>1. <strong>Checkpoint</strong> What is the niche of 

                slime molds and other decomposers? </li>

            <li>2. <strong>Math In Science</strong> A slug started 

                moving across a log at 10:52 A.M. and got to the 

                other end at 11:09 A.M. How many minutes did the slug 

                take to cross the log? </li>

        </list>

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