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The block variant of the citation element

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The citation element represents an author's acknowledgment of the original author and/or work of a directly or indirectly borrowed idea, quote or other resource. Citations typically occur in conjunction with epigraphs, quotes, illustrations, charts and diagrams.

The Block variant is an adaptation for use where the citation is offset from the quoted material.

The optional ref attribute on the citation element is used to establish an explicit association between the citation and the passage or resource it references; the placement of the citation does not, by default, imply an association with any element in the document. Some elements do provide a mechanism for implied relationships, however (see the quote element, for example). When adding citations, refer to the documentation for the element the citation is being attached to for more information.

A citation can also be linked to the work it cites by including a child ref element. A ref attribute can be attached to the nested ref element to reference a work in the current document's bibliography , for example. To reference other resources, including resources external to the current document, the xlink:href attribute must be used instead.

Usage Example

<quote>
    <p>By his return he was critical of the Bible as history, and wondered why all 
    religions should not be equally valid.</p>
    <citation>Darwin 1958, pp. 85–96</citation>
</quote>

Allowed parents

address, annotation, block, body, caption, description, item, d:longdesc, object, quote, section, d:simplifiedLanguageDescription, d:summary, td, th and d:tour

Allowed children

This element may contain text.

This element may contain the following children: abbr, address, annoref, annotation, citation, code, definition, emph (text variant), emph (phrase variant), expansion, ln, name, num, object (text variant), object (phrase variant), quote, ref, its:ruby, s, span (text variant), span (phrase variant), sub, sup, term, time and w

Content model and additional requirements

optional attributes: @about, @by, @class, @content, @continuation, @datatype, @desc, @its:dir, @its:translate, @property, @rel, @resource, @rev, @role, @typeof, @xml:base, @xml:id, @xml:lang and @xml:space
optionally
a choice of
either @ref
or a mix of
• @xlink:href
• an optional @xlink:type
• an optional @xlink:title
• an optional @xlink:show
• an optional @xlink:actuate
end of mix
end of choice
one or more of
a choice of
either one of the 27 elements: abbr, address, annoref, annotation, citation, code, definition, emph, emph, expansion, its:ruby, ln, name, num, object, object, quote, ref, s, span, span, sub, sup, term, time, w or w
or text
end of choice
Note that in addition to restrictions presented in the content model above, use of this element must also respect the following requirements:
  • The citation element must neither be empty nor contain only whitespace.
  • The ref attribute on the ref element must refer to an entry in a bibliography when nested inside a citation element.
Such requirements take precedence over any conflicting statements in the content model or in the lists above of allowed children and parents.

Variants

This element exists in 2 variants. The other variant is the phrase variant.

Namespace

http://www.daisy.org/ns/z3998/authoring/