DAISY—Structure Guidelines: Elements, Major Structural Elements, Body Matter
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Information Object: Body Matter
Definition
Body Matter, the second of the three major divisions of a book, consists of the text itself. It is the content that represents the author’s thesis or story. The body of a book is often divided into chapters and further subdivided into one or more levels of subheadings such as sections and subsections. Sometimes the text material is logically divided into sections larger than chapters with the chapters grouped into parts which are usually numbered. The body sometimes concludes with either epilogues, afterwords or conclusions.
Overview
In the body of the book all major structures should be marked in a strict hierarchy and level tags and their associated headings should be used for identification.
Markup
bodymatter serves primarily as a container for a variety of structures and is commonly subdivided into a number of levels.
Syntax
Block-level elements such as <div> are not permitted as child elements of <bodymatter>. bodymatter may contain only the following child elements:
<bodymatter>
<level1>...</level1>
<level>...</level>
</bodymatter>
Information Object: Part
Definition
A part is a logical division of text material; it is often a section larger than chapters into which chapters are grouped. Each part is normally numbered and given a part title. The part number and title may appear on the page preceding the first chapter. Chapters within parts are most commonly numbered consecutively through the book rather than starting anew with chapter one for each new part.
Markup
Parts, when present, are the structures at the highest level in the body of a book and are marked with level 1 tags. If a book is divided into parts which are further divided into chapters, the chapters are marked with level 2 tags.
Note: To ensure accurate navigation, the markup at the beginning of a part must follow a precise order. The order should always be: level1, pagenum (if used), heading. For example, a part might start on page 1 which contained only the part heading and a full page picture. The order of the markup would be: level1, pagenum 1, heading. The image (if included) would follow the heading.
Syntax
<level1 class="part">
<pagenum id="page_1" page="normal">1</pagenum>
<h1>Part 1</h1>
<level2 class="chapter">
...
</level2>
</level1>
Example
<level1 class="part">
<pagenum id="page_1" page="normal">1</pagenum>
<h1>Part 1 Perfection and Imperfection: A Trilogy on a
Panda's Thumb</h1>
<level2 class="chapter">
<pagenum id="page_2" page="normal">2</pagenum>
<h2>1 - The Panda's Thumb</h2>
<p>Few heroes lower their sights in the prime of their lives;
triumph leads inexorably on, often to destruction. Alexander wept
because he had no new worlds to conquer; Napoleon, overextended,
sealed his doom in the depth of a Russian winter.</p>
...
</level2>
<level2 class="chapter">
<pagenum id="page_27" page="normal">27</pagenum>
<h2>2 - Senseless Signs of History</h2>
<p>Words provide clues about their history when etymology does not
match current meaning.</p>
...
</level2>
...
</level1>
<level1 class="part">
<pagenum id="page_46" page="normal">46</pagenum>
<h1>Part 2 Darwiniana</h1>
<level2 class="chapter">
<pagenum id="page_47" page="normal">47</pagenum>
<h2>4 - Natural Selection and the Human Brain: Darwin
vs. Wallace</h2>
<p>In the south transept of Chartres cathedral, the most stunning of
all medieval windows depicts the four evangelists as dwarfs sittingupon the shoulders of four old testament prophets - Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and Daniel.</p>
...
</level2>
...
</level1>
Information Object: Chapter
Definition
The chapter tends to be the most common division of a prose work. In a printed book, chapters customarily begin on a new page and the chapter display (heading) usually consists of a chapter number and chapter title which are generally listed in the book’s table of contents. The chapter display (the first page of the chapter in the print) can also contain an epigraph in addition to the chapter number and title. In books consisting of chapters contributed by different authors, chapter numbers are sometimes omitted; however, the author’s name is usually given in the display.
A chapter can be divided into smaller divisions most commonly called sections. This occurs most often in textbooks and technical and scholarly publications.
Markup
Chapters are included in the body matter of the book and are marked with a level1 tag unless the book is divided into parts in which the chapters are grouped. In the latter case the parts would be marked with level1 tags and the chapters with level 2 tags. See Information Object: Part.
Note: To ensure accurate navigation, the markup at the beginning of a chapter must follow a precise order. The order should always be: level, pagenum (if used), heading. That way, if an end user navigates to the chapter (i.e., the level tag) they will then hear the page number followed by the chapter heading. If they navigate to pagenum, they will still hear the page number and heading. For example, a chapter might start on page 1 which contained only the chapter heading and a full page picture. The order of the markup would be: level, pagenum 1, heading. The image (if included) would follow the heading.
Syntax
<level1 class="chapter">
<h1>Chapter</h1>
<level2 class="section">
...
</level2>
</level1>
Example
<level1 class=”chapter”>
<pagenum id=”page_1″ page=”normal”>1</pagenum>
<h1>Chapter 1 The River Bank</h1>
<p>The Mole had been working very hard all morning, spring cleaning his
little home. First with brooms, then with dusters; then on ladders and steps
and chairs with a brush and a pail of whitewash; till he had dust in his throat
and eyes, and splashes of whitewash all over his black fur, and an aching back
and weary arms. Spring was moving in the air above and in the earth below and
around him, penetrating even his dark and lowly little house with its spirit
of discontent and longing.</p>
</level1>
<level1 class=”chapter”>
<pagenum id=”page_22″ page=”normal”>22</pagenum>
<h1>Chapter 2 The Open Road</h1>
<p>…</p>
…
</level1>
Information Object: Section, Subsection, and Lower Levels of the Hierarchy
Definition
Sections are inserted by the author or editor in prose works where the chapters are long and the material complex. Most scholarly works require only one level of subheading throughout. Scientific and technical works frequently require further subdivisions. When a section of text is subdivided, there are at least two subsections and in some works the number of sections will vary from chapter to chapter, and the levels of subdivision may vary as well.
Sections and subsections may be numbered or unnumbered. In scientific and technical works, the numbering of sections and subsections provides an easy reference to the reader. In printed books, unnumbered sections and further subdivisions are indicated by font size and various forms of emphasis such as the use of bold or italics.
Markup
Sections and subsections of chapters are included in the body matter of the book and are marked with level 2, level 3, or level 4 tags, etc., depending on where they fall in the hierarchy.
Note: In the example given below the level and heading tags include a class attribute of the same name as the type of division being tagged (class=”chapter”, “section”, or “subsection”). When books are divided below the subsection level, some creativity is required to find suitable names for those lower levels to distinguish among them.
Syntax
<level2 class="section">
<h2>Chapter 5</h2>
<level3 class="subsection">
<h3>Metadata for Mary</h3>
...
</level3>
</level2>
Complete syntax:
<level1 class="part">
<h1>Part One: Standards</h1>
<level2 class="chapter">
<h2>Chapter 3: Core Services</h2>
<level3 class="section">
<h3>Circulation Systems</h3>
<level4 class="subsection">
<h4>Loan Periods</h4>
<level5>
<h5>Overdue Notices</h5>
...
</level5>
...
</level4>
...
</level3>
...
</level2>
...
</level1>
Example
<level1 class="chapter">
<pagenum id="page_1" page="normal">1</pagenum>
<h1>Chapter 1 People as a Basic Resource</h1>
<level2 class="section">
<pagenum id="page_2" page="normal">2</pagenum>
<h2>Introduction</h2>
<p>Operating managers face unprecedented advances in
technology...around the world.</p>
<level3 class="subsection">
<h3>Demographic Trends</h3>
<p>America's population is changing dramatically.
On average... at the height of the baby boom.</p>
...
</level3>
<level3 class="subsection">
<h3>Socioeconomic Changes</h3>
<p>Socioeconomic changes are also having tremendous impact
on organizations...productively.</p>
...
</level3>
</level2>
<level2 class="section">
<pagenum id="page_7" page="normal">7</pagenum>
<h2>The History of Human Resource management</h2>
<level3 class="subsection">
<h3>Early Organization</h3>
<p>Management of society and organizations in ancient
Rome 2000 years ago...several assumptions.</p>
...
</level3>
<level3 class="subsection">
<h3>The Industrial Revolution</h3>
<p>In the early 1800's, Western Europe and North America
began to change from agricultural...</p>
...
</level3>
</level2>
</level1>