DAISY—Structure Guidelines: Elements, Major Structural Elements, End Matter
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Information Object: End Matter
Definition
The last of the three main divisions of a book, the end matter (also referred to as back matter, rear matter or reference matter) is the division of material that immediately follows the body matter. End matter is usually comprised of some or all of the following parts, which may be presented in the following order:
- Appendix
- Notes
- Glossary
- Bibliography or Reference List
- Index
- Colophon
- Bibliographic Reference
Overview
The end matter may contain many different major structures and these should be identified as levels with their associated headings.
Markup
End matter serves primarily as a container for a variety of structures and is commonly subdivided into a number of levels.
Syntax
rearmatter may contain only the child elements level 1 or level. Block-level elements such as <div> are not permitted as child elements of <rearmatter>
<rearmatter>
<level1>...</level1>
<level>...</level>
</rearmatter>
Information Object: Appendix
Definition
One or more appendices appear in some books to provide the reader with further clarification or explanation of matters discussed in the text. The content of appendices can include, texts of source documents, surveys and/or questionnaires, and lists or tables of supplementary information. Although an appendix is usually found in the rear matter, it can occasionally be placed at the end of a chapter if it is essential to the understanding of that chapter.
When there are two or more appendices in a book they are numbered like chapters—Appendix 1, Appendix 2 or they are designated by letters—Appendix A, Appendix B. Appendices are usually titled.
Markup
Appendices are generally marked up with a level 1 tag. If there is a separate section entitled Appendices within which a number of appendices are grouped, the section should be tagged as a level 1 and the individual appendices as level 2.
Syntax
<level1 class="appendix">
<h1>Appendix A</h1>
<p>...</p>
</level1>
Example
<level1 class="appendix">
<pagenum id="page_345" page="normal">345</pagenum>
<h1>Appendix 1, The Mails</h1>
<p>Between 1867 and 1869 a number of changes were made in British and
...Halifax mail.</p>
<level2 class="section">
<h2> American Mail via New York</h2>
<p>The first regular transatlantic mail began in July 1840
in accordance with...to Boston via Halifax.</p>
...
</level2>
<level2 class="section">
<pagenum id="page_346" page="normal">346</pagenum>
<h2>Halifax Mail</h2>
<p>Halifax had served as a mail depot since 1840, when the
Cunard Line...January 1868.</p>
...
</level2>
</level1>
<level1 class="appendix">
<pagenum id="page_347" page="normal">347</pagenum>
<h1>Appendix 2, The Scheme</h1>
<p>During the 1860's, successive attempts were made to centralize
control of...British Army.</p>
...
</level1>
Information Object: Glossary
Definition
Glossaries are usually found in technical works such as manuals and are intended for the use of the general reader who may be unfamiliar with some of the terminology in the body of the work. Words to be defined in a glossary are arranged in alphabetical order followed by its definition.
Markup
Glossaries are marked with a level 1 tag. The glossary terms and their definitions follow the markup used for definition lists. See Block Elements: Information Object: Lists for a more complete discussion of this topic.
The Glossary may be subdivided alphabetically in which case each alphabetic division would be marked with a lower level tag.
Syntax
<level1 class="glossary">
<h1>Glossary</h1>
<dl>
<dt>... first term</dt>
<dd>... definition of first term</dd>
<dt>... second term</dt>
<dd>... definition of second term</dd>
</dl>
</level1>
Example
<level1 class="glossary">
<pagenum id="page_831" page="normal">831</pagenum>
<h1>Glossary</h1>
<p>For unfamiliar terms used in the definitions below, look for
entries elsewhere in the glossary...</p>
<level2 class="alphabetic_division ">
<h2>A</h2>
<dl>
<dt>AA, Aas.</dt>
<dd>Abbreviation for author's alterations(s) used in
correcting proof.</dd>
<dt>access</dt>
<dd>In computer terminology, the ability to reach and make use
of electronically stored data.</dd>
...
</dl>
...
</level2>
</level1>
Information Object: Bibliography
Definition
A bibliography is a list of books and other references used by an author, commonly found in scholarly works. It is usually placed in the rear matter of a book before the index. Some bibliographical lists are placed at the ends of chapters to which they apply, particularly in textbooks.
Bibliographies can take a number of forms:
- A single alphabetical list which includes all sources – books, articles, papers arranged alphabetically by the author’s surname.
- Division into sections or categories either by publication type such as books, newspapers, journal articles, etc. or by subject.
- An annotated bibliography includes a list of publications with comments appended to all or some of the entries. The purpose of this type of bibliography is usually to direct the reader to other related works.
- A bibliographical essay (usually called Suggested Reading) is most often used in books intended for the general reader and is an informal presentation by the author of the literature in the field.
Markup
A bibliography occurring at the end of a book is marked with a <level1> tag. A bibliography may also occur at the end of a chapter, in which case it is regarded as one section of that chapter and is marked at the same level as a section. There may be alphabetic or other divisions which would be marked one level lower than the bibliography itself. The contents of a bibliography are generally marked up as a list and the individual entries are marked with the <cite> tag. In addition, <author> and <title> tags may be used within the cite tag.
Syntax
<level1 class="bibliography">
<h1>Bibliography</h1>
<list>...</list>
</level1>
Example 1
Bibliography as part of the rear matter at the end of a book.
<level1 class="bibliography">
<h1>Works by Isak Dinesen</h1>
<level2 class="section">
<h2>Books</h2>
<list type="pl">
<li><cite><author>Dinesen, Isak</author>.
<title>Syv fantastiske Forteollinger</title>.
Copenhagen: Reitzels, 1937.</cite></li>
<li><cite><author>Dinesen, Isak</author>.
<title>Out of Africa</title>. London: Putnam,
1937.</cite></li>
</list>
</level2>
<level2 class="section">
<h2>Essays</h2>
<list type="pl">
<li><cite><author>Blixen, Karen,
[Osceola]</author>. <title>"Eneboerne."</title>
Tilskueren, August 1907, pp.609-35.</cite></li>
<li><cite><author>[Osceola]</author>.
<title>"Familien de Cats."</title> Tilskueren, January
1909, pp. 1-19.</cite></li>
</list>
</level2>
</level1>
Example 2
Bibliography at the end of a chapter in a textbook.
<level1 class="chapter">
<h1>Chapter 20 Human Development</h1>
<level2 class="section">
<h2>Human Embryo at 3 Weeks Postovulation</h2>
<p>The period of the embryo is characterized by rapid
growth...external form.</p>
...
</level2>
<level2 class="bibliography">
<h2>Selected Readings</h2>
<list type="pl">
<li><cite><author>Arey, L.</author> 1965.
<title>Developmental Anatomy</title>. 7th ed. Saunders.
Philadelphia.</cite></li>
<li><cite><author>Boving. B.G.</author> 1965.
<title>Anatomy of Reproduction</title>. In J.P.
Greenhill...</cite>
</li>
...
</list>
</level2>
</level1>
Information Object: Index
Definition
An index provides the reader with the page or pages numbers of pertinent words or statements within the body of the text. They usually include both proper-name and subject entries at a minimum. If the material is complex two indices are prepared: one of persons only and one of subjects and other proper names. Some indices (e.g. poetry) may require a subject index, and index of titles and first lines.
An Index is comprised of entries: the principal subdivision of an index. It consists of a heading which identifies the subject of the entry; and a locator which tells the reader where to find material pertaining to the subject. In most cases, it is a page number or sequence of page numbers but it may also be a section number, chapter or paragraph number.
Markup
Indices are marked with a level1 tag. The index may be subdivided alphabetically in which case each alphabetic division is marked with a lower level heading. The index entries follow the markup used for nested lists. See Block Elements: Information Object: Lists.
To make an index as useful as possible in a DTB, links should be included from each page reference in the index to the page specified.
Syntax
<level1 class="index">
<h1>Index</h1>
<level2 class="alphabetic_division">
<h2>A</h2>
<list>
<li>...</li>
<li>...</li>
</list>
</level2>
</level1>
Example
<level1 class="index">
<pagenum page="normal" id="pp197">197</pagenum>
<h1 class="index" >Index</h1>
<level2 class="alphabetic-division">
<h2>A</h2>
<list type="ul" class="index">
<li>About-Point technique,
<a href="#p55">55</a></li>
<li>Acronym, <a href="#p116">116</a></li>
<li>Action plans for good reading,
<ahref="#p5">5</a> </li>
<li>Affixes, <a href="#p132">132-134</a></li>
<li>Antonym, finding word meaning through context,
<a href="#p126">126</a></li>
<li>Application level thinking,
<a href="#p89">89-90</a></li>
<li>Association, for improved memory,
<a href="#p117">117</a></li>
<li>Attack plan, word,
<a href="#p134">134</a></li>
<li>Audience, communicating through good writing to,
<a href="#p141">141</a>,
<a href="#p155">155</a></li>
</list>
</level2>
<level2 class="alphabetic-division">
<h2>B</h2>
<list type="ul" class="index">
<li>Bookmark, Question Mark, <a href="#p28">28</a></li>
<li>Brainstorming, for writing narrative, <a href="#p76">76-78</a></li>
...
</list>
</level2>
...
</level1>